Electricity is defined as the flow of what?

Electricity is defined as the flow of electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles. In conductive materials, such as metals, electrons can move freely, allowing them to carry electric charge from one point to another. This movement of electrons constitutes an electric current, which is the fundamental basis of electric power and is essential in HVAC systems for powering components like compressors, fans, and controls.

While protons are positively charged and are found within atomic nuclei, they do not flow freely outside of them, and neutrons, being neutral, do not contribute to electric charge movement. Photons are particles of light and are not involved in the flow of electric current. Therefore, the most accurate definition of electricity pertains to the movement of electrons.