What are the four major components of the mechanical vapor compression refrigeration cycle?

The four major components of the mechanical vapor compression refrigeration cycle are the compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator.

The compressor is vital to the cycle as it compresses the refrigerant gas, raising its pressure and temperature so it can release heat in the condenser. The condenser then changes the refrigerant from a gas to a liquid by dissipating heat absorbed from the surroundings. Next, the expansion device, commonly an expansion valve, reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, allowing it to cool significantly before entering the evaporator. Finally, the evaporator absorbs heat from the environment or space being cooled, causing the refrigerant to evaporate back into a gas and complete the cycle.

This sequence of components works together to facilitate the refrigeration process efficiently, making them fundamental to the operation of most refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Understanding these components is essential for anyone studying HVAC systems, as they form the foundation of how heat transfer is achieved within these systems.